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After a bit of poking, I found what looked to be a textbook quartz crystal resonant curve, but centered at 20 MHz rather than 10. This suggests there’s a divide-by-two in the driver circuit, perhaps to improve the duty cycle to a more perfect 50%. But more importantly, it suggests that neither the crystal itself, nor the electrical connections between it and the package (since I was probing at the package contacts and not the surface of the quartz), were the source of the failure.
In 2010, GPUs first supported virtual memory, but despite decades of development around virtual memory, CUDA virtual memory had two major limitations. First, it didn’t support memory overcommitment. That is, when you allocate virtual memory with CUDA, it immediately backs that with physical pages. In contrast, typically you get a large virtual memory space and physical memory is only mapped to virtual addresses when first accessed. Second, to be safe, freeing and mallocing forced a GPU sync which slowed them down a ton. This made applications like pytorch essentially manage memory themselves instead of completely relying on CUDA.